Wave-Particle Duality Issues

This page is simply a list of the issues I have come across affecting the wave-particle duality. The wave-particle duality consists of four elements:-

1. Electromagnetic radiation can behave as a wave.
2. Electromagnetic radiation can behave like a particle, when it is termed a “photon”.
3. Particles can behave like quantised or point objects.
4. Particles can behave like waves.

The issues are (please email me if you have more to add):-

• Electromagnetic energy can react with matter only in discrete quanta, where the energy of interaction is proportional to the frequency. This works well when using quantised elements (2) and (3), but makes nonsense of (1) and (4). This is the major weakness of Electromagnetic Theory.
• The speed of light can be theoretically derived only for (1) above by Maxwell’s equations, where electromagnetic radiation propagates as a wave. It cannot be theoretically derived for the other three cases. This is a particular weakness of Quantum Mechanics, in that it relies on an Electromagnetic mechanisation to derive the speed of photons.
• Relativity derives from Maxwell’s equations. Specifically, Maxwell shows that the electric and magnetic fields are stationary in the frame in which they are measured, and it is the electromagnetic disturbance that propagates (like the water molecules in ripples on a pond simply cycle over a small distance but the disturbance propagates). Different inertial reference frames see the electric and magnetic fields as stationary in their own frames, and all see the disturbance propagate at the same limiting speed. This leads directly to Relativity and space-time. However, again this can determined only for a Maxwellian electromagnetic wave universe so for near-light-speed interactions the other three elements listed above must use Electromagnetic relativity. They agree with Electromagnetic relativity, but this agreement comes only from practical measurement, not from theory; this is weakness of Quantum Mechanics.
• If a photon, of given frequency and therefore of fixed energy (according to Plank’s constant), passes from its originating reference frame to a detector in a reference frame that is moving with respect to the source frame, the perceived frequency of the photon will change; however, the energy will remain the same according to the Principle of Conservation of Energy. The ratio of energy/frequency is therefore not Plank’s constant at the receiver and in principle should not be detectable. In fact we know that red-shifted light from receding stars is detectable. This is a weakness of Quantum Mechanics.